Electro-optical device, driving method of electro-optical device and electronic apparatus

ABSTRACT

A first storage capacitor is provided with respect to a data line. A pixel circuit includes a first transistor supplying current according to a voltage between a gate and a source, a light emitting element emitting light corresponding to current supplied by the first transistor, and a second transistor which is turned on or off between the data lines and the gate node. In a first period, an initial potential is supplied to the data line by turning on the second transistor, and in a second period, a data signal of a potential corresponding to a gradation level is supplied to the other end of the first storage capacitor by turning on the second transistor. After the second period, the second transistor is turned off.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 13/653,972 filed Oct. 17,2012, which claims the benefit of JP 2011-228886 filed Oct. 18, 2011,the disclosures of both of which are hereby incorporated by referenceherein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to an electro-optical device, a drivingmethod of an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatuseffective when miniaturizing a pixel circuit, for example.

2. Related Art

In recent years, various kinds of electro-optical devices using lightemitting elements such as organic light-emitting diode (Organic LightEmitting Diode, hereinafter referred to as “OLED”) elements have beenproposed. In such electro-optical devices, generally, a pixel circuitcorresponding to the intersections of scanning lines and data lines andincluding the above-described light emitting elements or transistors isconfigured so as to be provided to correspond to pixels in an image tobe displayed. In such a configuration, when a data signal of a potentialcorresponding to the gradation level of pixels is applied to the gate ofthe transistor, the transistor supplies a current corresponding to thevoltage between the gate and the source to the light emitting element.In this manner, the light emitting element emits light with a luminancecorresponding to the gradation level (for example, refer toJP-A-2007-316462).

Further, with respect to the electro-optical devices, there is often ademand for miniaturization of the display size or an increase in thehigh definition of the display. Since it is necessary to miniaturize thepixel circuit in order to achieve both miniaturization of the displaysize and an increase in the high definition of the display, for example,a technique of providing the electro-optical device with a siliconintegrated circuit has also been proposed (for example, refer toJP-A-2009-288435).

Here, in the miniaturization of the pixel circuit, it is necessary tocontrol the current supplied to the light-emitting element in a microregion. The current supplied to the light-emitting element is controlledaccording to the voltage between the gate and the source of thetransistor; however, in the micro region, the current supplied to thelight-emitting element is greatly changed with respect to slight changesin the voltage between the gate and the source.

Meanwhile, the driving capability of the circuit outputting the datasignal is increased in order to charge the data lines in a short time.In a circuit having a high driving capability in this manner, it isdifficult to output the data signal with extremely fine precision.

SUMMARY

An advantage of some aspects of the invention is that it provides anelectro-optical device, a driving method of an electro-optical deviceand an electronic apparatus capable of controlling the current suppliedto a light emitting element with high precision without a need for adata signal with fine precision.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided anelectro-optical device, including: a plurality of scanning lines; aplurality of data lines; a first storage capacitor of which one end isconnected to the data lines; a second storage capacitor respectivelyholding various potentials of the plurality of data lines; a pixelcircuit provided so as to correspond to intersections of the pluralityof scanning lines and the plurality of data lines; and a driving circuitdriving the pixel circuit, in which the pixel circuit includes a firsttransistor supplying current according to a voltage between a gate and asource, a light emitting element emitting light with a luminancecorresponding to current supplied by the first transistor, and a secondtransistor which is turned on or off between the data lines and the gateof the first transistor, and in which the driving circuit supplies aninitial potential to the data lines along with turning on the secondtransistor in a first period, supplies a data signal of potentialcorresponding to a gradation level to another end of the first storagecapacitor in a state where the second transistor is turned on in asecond period continuing from the first period, and turns off the secondtransistor after the second period. According to another aspect of theinvention, in the first period, the data line and the gate of the firsttransistor are held at an initial potential by the second storagecapacitor. In the second period, in a state where the second transistoris turned on, when the data signal of the potential corresponding to thegradation level is supplied to the other end of the first storagecapacitor, the potential of the data lines and the gate of the firsttransistor is shifted by an amount by which the potential change in theother end of the first storage capacitor is voltage-divided by thecapacity ratio of the first storage capacitor and the second storagecapacitor. For this reason, according to another aspect of theinvention, since the potential range at the gate of the first transistoris narrowed with respect to the potential range of the data signal, itis possible to accurately control the current even in a case where thecurrent change with respect to the voltage change between the gate andsource of the first transistor is large.

In the invention, it is preferable that the driving circuit isconfigured to start the supply of the initial potential to the datalines in a state where the second transistor is turned off before thefirst period. According to this configuration, after the data lines arefirst reset to the initial potential as a separate body, the secondtransistor is turned on in the first period and the gate of the firsttransistor is initialized.

In this configuration, it is preferable that the pixel circuit has athird transistor which is turned on or off between the first transistorand the light emitting element, and the driving circuit turns the thirdtransistor on in a third period continuing from the second period.According to such an aspect, after the shift potential of the datasignal is written to the gate of the first transistor, current issupplied to the light emitting element.

In addition, in the above-described aspect, the driving circuit may turnoff the third transistor before the first period. In this manner, it ispossible to set the current not to be supplied to the light emittingelement in the first period in which the gate of the first transistor isan initial potential and the second period of shifting from the initialpotential.

The pixel circuit may include a third storage capacitor holding thevoltage between the gate and the source of the first transistor. Thisthird storage capacitor may be a parasitic capacitance of the firsttransistor, or may be a capacitive element provided separately.

Here, as well as the electro-optical device, the invention can also beconceptualized as a driving method of an electro-optical device or anelectronic apparatus having the electro-optical device. As theelectronic apparatus, typically, a display apparatus such as ahead-mounted display (HMD), an electronic view finder, or the like maybe exemplified.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of anelectro-optical device according to a first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a pixel circuit of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing amplitude compression of a data signal inthe electro-optical device.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electro-opticaldevice according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a pixel circuit of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the characteristics of a transistor in theelectro-optical device.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electro-opticaldevice according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a timing chart showing an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of the electro-opticaldevice.

FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing an HMD using the electro-opticaldevice according to the embodiments and the like.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the HMD optical configuration.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Below, aspects for embodying the invention will be described withreference to the drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of anelectro-optical device 10 according to an embodiment of the invention.

The electro-optical device 10 is a micro display displaying an image ina head mounted display, for example. The electro-optical device 10 willbe described in detail below; however, it is an organic EL apparatus inwhich a plurality of pixel circuits, driving circuits driving the pixelcircuits, and the like are, for example, formed on a silicon substrate,and in which an OLED which is an example of a light emitting element isused in the pixel circuits.

As well as being accommodated in a frame-shaped case 72 opening at adisplay unit, the electro-optical device 10 is connected to one end of aFPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) substrate 74. In the FPC substrate 74, acontrol circuit 5 of a semiconductor chip is mounted using a COF (ChipOn Film) technique and a plurality of terminals 76 are provided andconnected to a higher circuit omitted from the drawings. Image data issynchronized with a synchronization signal and supplied via theplurality of terminals 76 from the higher circuit. The synchronizationsignal includes a vertical synchronization signal, a horizontalsynchronization signal, and a dot clock signal. In addition, the imagedata regulates the gradation level of the pixels of the image to bedisplayed, for example, using 8 bits.

The control circuit 5 is one combining the functions of a power circuitof the electro-optical device 10 and a data signal output circuit. Thatis, the control circuit 5 supplies various types of control signalsgenerated according to the synchronization signal and various types ofpotential to the electro-optical device 10, and converts the digitalimage data into an analog data signal to be supplied to theelectro-optical device 10.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electro-optical device10 according to the first embodiment. As shown in the diagram, theelectro-optical device 10 is divided into a scanning line drivingcircuit 20, a demultiplexer 30, a level shift circuit 40, and a displayunit 100.

Among these, in the display unit 100, pixel circuits 110 correspondingto pixels of the image to be displayed are arranged in a matrix form. Indetail, in the display unit 100, scanning lines 12 of m rows areprovided to extend in the horizontal direction in the diagram, and,furthermore, data lines 14 of (3 n) columns grouped in sets of three areprovided to extend in the vertical direction in the diagram and preservethe mutual electrical insulation with each scanning line 12. Here, thepixel circuits 110 are provided corresponding to intersection portionsof m rows of scanning lines 12 and (3 n) columns of data lines 14. Forthis reason, the pixel circuits 110 in the present embodiment arearranged in a matrix form with m rows vertically and (3 n) columnshorizontally.

Here, m and n are both natural numbers. In the matrix of the scanninglines 12 and the pixel circuit 110, in order to distinguish between therows, the rows have been numbered 1, 2, 3, . . . , (m−1), and m in orderfrom the top in the diagram. In the same manner, in order to distinguishbetween the columns of the matrix of the data lines 14 and the pixelcircuits 110, the columns have been numbered 1, 2, 3, . . . , (3 n−1),and (3 n) in order from the left in the diagram. In addition, when aninteger j of 1 or more and n or less is used in order to generalize anddescribe a group of the data lines 14, the (3 j−2)th column, the (3j−1)th column, and the (3 j)th column of the data lines 14 belong to thejth group counting from the left.

Here, three pixel circuits 110 corresponding to intersections ofscanning lines 12 of the same row and three columns of data lines 14belonging to the same group correspond to pixels of R (red), G (green),and B (blue) respectively and these three pixels represent one dot of acolor image to be displayed. That is, the present embodiment has aconfiguration in which colors of one dot are represented by adding andmixing colors according to the light emission of OLEDs corresponding toRGB.

Here, in the electro-optical device 10, the following kind of controlsignal is supplied by the control circuit 5. In detail, in theelectro-optical device 10, a control signal Ctr for controlling thescanning line driving circuit 20, control signals Sel(1), Sel(2), andSel(3) for controlling the selection with the demultiplexer 30, controlsignals /Sel(1), /Sel(2), and /Sel(3) in a logic inversion relationshipwith respect to these signals, and a negative logic control signal /Ginifor controlling the level shift circuit 40, are supplied. Here, inpractice, the control signal Ctr includes a plurality of signals such asa pulse signal, a clock signal, and an enable signal.

Further, in the electro-optical device 10, data signals Vd(1), Vd(2), .. . , Vd(n) matching the selection timing of the demultiplexer 30 aresupplied by the control circuit 5 to correspond to groups numbered 1, 2,. . . , n. Here, the highest value of the potential obtainable by thedata signals Vd(1) to Vd(n) is set as Vmax and the lowest value is setto Vmin.

The scanning line driving circuit 20 generates scanning signals forscanning the scanning lines 12 one row at a time in order over a frameperiod in accordance with the control signal Ctr. Here, the scanningsignals supplied to the scanning lines 12 of 1, 2, 3, . . . , (m−1), mrows are respectively denoted as Gwr(1), Gwr(2), Gwr(3), . . . ,Gwr(m−1), and Gwr(m).

In addition, apart from the scanning signals Gwr(1) to Gwr(m), thescanning line driving circuit 20 generates various types of controlsignals synchronized with the scanning signals for each row and performssupply thereof to the display unit 100; however, such illustration isomitted in FIG. 2. Further, the frame period refers to a periodnecessary for the electro-optical device 10 to display one cut (frame)part of an image, for example, if the frequency of the verticalsynchronization signal included in the synchronization signal is 120 Hz,the period is 8.3 milliseconds which is the duration of one cycle.

The demultiplexer 30 is an assembly of transmission gates 34 provided ateach column and supplies data signals in order to the three columnsconfiguring each group.

Here, the input ends of the transmission gate 34 corresponding tocolumns (3 j−2), (3 j−1), and 3(j) belonging to the j-numbered groupsare mutually connected in common and respective data signals Vd(j) aresupplied to the common terminals.

The transmission gate 34 provided at column (3 j−2) at the left endcolumn in the j-numbered groups is turned on (conducts) when the controlsignal Sel(1) is the H level (when the control signal /Sel(1) is the Llevel). Similarly, the transmission gate 34 provided at column (3 j−1)at the center column in the j-numbered groups is turned on when thecontrol signal Sel(2) is the H level (when the control signal /Sel(2) isthe L level), and the transmission gate 34 provided at column (3 j) atthe right end column in the j-numbered groups is turned on when thecontrol signal Sel(3) is the H level (when the control signal /Sel(3) isthe L level).

The level shift circuit 40 has a set of a storage capacitor 44, aP-channel MOS-type transistor 45 and an N-channel MOS-type transistor 46for each column respectively, and shifts the potential of the datasignal output from the output end of the transmission gate 34 of eachcolumn. Here, one end of the storage capacitor 44 is connected to a dataline 14 of a corresponding column and a drain node of a transistor 45while the other end of the storage capacitor 44 is connected to theoutput end of the transmission gate 34 and the drain node of thetransistor 46. For this reason, the storage capacitor 44 functions as afirst storage capacitor in which one end is connected to the data line14. Further, although omitted from FIG. 2, the capacity of the storagecapacitor 44 is set as Crf1.

The initial potential Vini is fed in common across each column to thesource node of the transistor 45 of each column and the control signal/Gini is supplied in common across each column to the gate node.Further, the potential Vref is fed in common across each column to thesource node of the transistor 46 of each column and a signal in whichthe control signal /Gini is logic inverted by a NOT circuit 18 issupplied in common across each column to the gate node.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the transistors 45 and 46 of eachcolumn are configured so as to be turned on in unison when the controlsignal /Gini is L level and turned off in unison when the control signal/Gini is H level.

The storage capacitor 50 is provided in each data line 14. Morespecifically, one end of the storage capacitor 50 is connected to thedata line 14, and the other end, for example, is grounded to a commonpotential Vss across each column. For this reason, the storage capacitor50 functions as a second storage capacitor holding the potential of thedata line 14.

Here, the storage capacitor 50 is provided on the outside of the displayunit 100 in FIG. 2; however, this is only an equivalent circuit andprovision may naturally be made on the inside of the display unit 100 orfrom the inside to the outside thereof. Further, although omitted fromFIG. 2, the capacity of the storage capacitor 50 is set as Cdt. Thepotential Vss is equivalent to the L level of the scanning signal orcontrol signal, which are logic signals.

In the present embodiment, the scanning line driving circuit 20, thedemultiplexer 30, and the level shift circuit 40 are divided accordingto convenience; however, these can be conceived together as a drivingcircuit driving the pixel circuit 110.

The pixel circuit 110 will be described with reference to FIG. 3. Sinceeach pixel circuit 110 has the same configuration as the others inelectrical terms, here, description will be given taking the pixelcircuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) column positioned at the (3 j−2)thcolumn of the left end side in the j-numbered group in the i-th row asan example.

Here, i is a sign used in a case to generally show a row in which thepixel circuit 110 is arranged, and is an integer of one or more and m orless.

As shown in FIG. 3, the pixel circuit 110 includes P-channel MOS-typetransistors 121, 122, and 124, an OLED 130 and a storage capacitor 132.

The scanning signal Gwr(i) and the control signal Gel(i) are supplied tothe pixel circuit 110. Here, the scanning signal Gwr(i) and the controlsignal Gel(i) are supplied by the scanning line driving circuit 20 incorrespondence with the respective i-th rows. For this reason, in thecase of an i-th row, the scanning signal Gwr(i) and the control signalGel(i) are also supplied in common to the pixel circuits of othercolumns other than column (3 j−2) being focused on.

In the transistor 122 in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row, (3 j−2)column, the gate node is connected to the scanning line 12 of the i-throw, one of the drain or source node is connected to the data line 14 ofthe (3 j−2) column, and the other is respectively connected to the gatenode in the transistor 121 and one end of the storage capacitor 132.Here, the gate node of transistor 121 is denoted as g so as to bedistinguished from other nodes.

In the transistor 121, the source node is connected to the feed line 116and the drain node is connected to the source node of the transistor124. Here, the potential Vel which is the high-order side of the powersource in the pixel circuit 110 is fed to the feeding line 116.

In the transistor 124, the control signal Gel(i) corresponding to thei-th row is supplied to the gate node and the drain node is connected tothe anode of the OLED 130.

Here, the transistor 121 is equivalent to a first transistor, thetransistor 122 is equivalent to a second transistor, and the transistor124 is equivalent to a third transistor.

The other end of the storage capacitor 132 is connected to the feed line116. For this reason, the storage capacitor 132 functions as a thirdstorage capacitor holding the voltage between the source and drain ofthe transistor 121. Here, when the capacity of the storage capacitor 132is denoted as Cpix, the capacity Cdt of the storage capacitor 50, thecapacity Crf1 of the storage capacitor 44, and the capacity Cpix of thestorage capacitor 132 are set so that:

Cdt>Crf1>>Cpix

That is, Cdt is greater than Crf1, and Cpix is set to be sufficientlysmaller than Cdt and Crf1.

Here, as the storage capacitor 132, a capacity which is parasitic to thegate node g of the transistor 121 may be used, and a capacity formed byinterposing an insulating layer with mutually different conductivelayers in a silicon substrate may be used.

Since the electro-optical device 10 in the present embodiment is formedon silicon substrate, the substrate potential of the transistors 121,122, and 124 is set as the potential Vel.

The anode of the OLED 130 is a pixel electrode provided individually foreach pixel circuit 110. In contrast, the cathode of the OLED 130 is acommon electrode 118 which is common across all of the pixel circuits110, and is preserved at a potential Vct which is a low-order side ofthe power source in the pixel circuits 110.

The OLED 130 is an element interposing a white organic EL layer betweenthe anode and the cathode having a light-permeable characteristic in theabove-described silicon substrate. Then, a color filter corresponding toany one of RGB is superimposed on the output side (cathode side) of theOLED 130.

In such an OLED 130, when a current flows from the anode to the cathode,holes injected from the anode and electrons injected from the cathodeare recombined in the organic EL layer to generate excitons, wherebywhite light is generated. A configuration is adopted in which the whitelight generated at this time is transmitted through the cathode on theopposite side to the silicon substrate (anode) colored using the colorfilter, and made visible on the observer side.

Operation of First Embodiment

The operation of the electro-optical device 10 will be described withreference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a timing chart for illustrating theoperation of each part in the electro-optical device 10. Here, in thedrawings, the vertical scale showing the voltage amplitude is notnecessarily consistent for convenience of description (the same appliesin FIG. 13 and FIG. 20 below).

As shown in the drawings, the scanning signals Gwr(1) to Gwr(m) aresequentially switched to the L level and the scan lines 12 of rows 1 tom are scanned in order for each horizontal scanning period (H) in aperiod of one frame.

The operation in one horizontal scanning period (H) is common across thepixel circuits 110 of each row. Here, below, in the scanning period inwhich the i-th rows are horizontally scanned, description will be givenof the operation with particular focus on the pixel circuit 110 of thei-th row (3 j−2) column.

In the present embodiment, to make broad classifications, the scanperiod of the i-th row is divided into the initialization period shownby (b) in FIG. 4 and the writing period shown by (d). Here, after thewriting period (d), there is an interval before entering the lightemitting period shown by (a), which leads to the scanning period of thei-th row again after the one frame period has elapsed. For this reason,with regard to the chronological order, the cycle of (light emittingperiod)->initialization period->writing period->(light emitting period)is repeated.

Here, in FIG. 4, each of the scan signal Gwr(i−1) and the control signalGel(i−1) corresponding to the (i−1) row one row before the i-th row is awaveform chronologically preceding the scan signal Gwr(i) and thecontrol signal Gel(i) corresponding to the i-th row by the time of onehorizontal scanning period (H) respectively.

Light Emitting Period

For convenience of explanation, description will be given from the lightemitting period which is a prerequisite for the initialization period.As shown in FIG. 4, in the light emitting period of the i-th row, thescan signal Gwr(i) is the H level and the control signal Gel(i) is the Llevel. For this reason, in the pixel circuit 110 of I-th row (3 j−2)column as shown in FIG. 5, the transistor 124 is turned on while thetransistor 122 is turned off. Accordingly, the transistor 121 suppliesthe current Ids according to the voltage held by the storage capacitor132, that is, the voltage Vgs between the gate and the source, to theOLED 130. Since the potential of the gate node g in the light emittingperiod to be described later is a value in which the data signal of thepotential according to the gradation level is level shifted according tothe capacity ratio of the holding capacities 44 and 50, the voltage Vgsbecomes a voltage corresponding to the gradation. For this reason, sincethe transistor 121 supplies a current corresponding to the gradationlevel, the OLED 130 emits light at a luminance corresponding to thecurrent.

Here, since the light emitting period of the i-th row is a period inwhich horizontal scanning other than of the i-th row is performed, thepotential of the data line 14 changes appropriately. However, since thetransistor 122 is turned off in the i-th row of the pixel circuit 110,here, the potential change of the data line 14 is not taken intoconsideration.

In addition, in FIG. 5, the route which is important in the operationdescription is shown with a bold line (the same applies in FIGS. 6 to 9,FIGS. 14 to 17, and FIGS. 21 to 24 below).

Initialization Period

Next, when the scanning period of the i-th row is reached, first, theinitialization period of (b) is started. In the initialization period,in contrast to the light emitting period, the control signal Gel(i)becomes the H level.

For this reason, in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) columnas shown in FIG. 6, the transistor 124 is turned off. In this manner,since the route of the current supplied to the OLED 130 is interrupted,the OLED 130 enters an off (non-light emitting) state.

Meanwhile, since the control signal /Gini becomes the L level in theinitialization period, in the level shift circuit 40, the transistors 45and 46 as shown in FIG. 6 are respectively turned on. For this reason,the data line 14 which is one end of the storage capacitor 44 and thenode h which is the other end of the storage capacitor 44 arerespectively initialized at a potential Vini and a potential Vref.

In the initialization period, next, the scan signal Gwr(i) becomes the Llevel (first period) in a state where the control signal /Gini is an Llevel. For this reason, since the transistor 122 is turned on in thepixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) column as shown in FIG. 7, thegate node g enters a state of being electrically connected to the dataline 14. Accordingly, since the gate node g also becomes a potentialVini, the holding voltage of the storage capacitor 132 is initialized to(Vel-Vini) from the voltage held in the light emitting period.

Writing Period

After the initialization period, the writing period of (d) is reached asthe second period. In the writing period, since the scanning signal/Gini becomes the H level in a state where the scanning signal Gwr(i) isthe L level, the transistors 45 and 46 are respectively turned off inthe level shift circuit 40.

For this reason, as shown in FIG. 8, the route leading up to the gatenode g in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) column from thedata line 14 of the (3 j−2)th column is in a floating state; however,since the other end of the storage capacitor 50 is grounded to thepotential Vss and the other end of the storage capacitor 132 isconnected to the feed line 116, the data signal is maintained at thepotential Vini until it is supplied by turning on the transmission gate34.

The control circuit 5 outputs the following kind of data signal in thewriting period of the i-th row. That is, regarding the j-numbered group,the control circuit 5 sequentially switches the data signal Vd(j) inorder of the potential according to the gradation level of the pixels ofthe column (3 j−2) of the left end column, the column (3 j-1) of thecenter column, and the column (3 j) of the right end column belonging tothe group of the i-th row. The control circuit 5 sequentially switchesthe potential in the same manner for data signals to other groups.

Meanwhile, the control circuit 5 sequentially sets the control signalsSel(1), Sel(2), and Sel(3) in order exclusively to the H level incombination with the switching of the potential of the data signal. Inaddition, although omitted in FIG. 4, the control circuit 5 performsoutput for the control signals /Sel(1), /Sel(2), and /Sel(3), which havea logic inverted relationship with the control signals Sel(1), Sel(2),and Sel(3). In this manner, in the demultiplexer 30, the transmissiongates 34 are turned on in order of the left end column, the centercolumn, and the right end column respectively in each group.

Here, when the transmission gate 34 of the left end column belonging tothe j-numbered group is turned on by the control signals Sel(1) and/Sel(1), as shown in FIG. 9, the node h which is the other end of thestorage capacitor 44 is changed to the potential of the data signalVd(j) from the initialized potential Vref, that is, the potentialaccording to the gradation level of the pixels of the i-th row (3 j−2)column. The potential change amount of the node h at this time isrepresented as ΔV, and the potential after the change as (Vref+ΔV).

Meanwhile, since the gate node g is in a state of being electricallyconnected to one end of the storage capacitor 44 through the data line14, the value of the shift in the change direction of the node h is avalue obtained by multiplying the potential change amount ΔV of the nodeh from the potential Vini by the capacity ratio k1.

In addition, the capacity ratio k1 is Crf1/(Cdt+Crf1). Strictlyspeaking, the capacity Cpix of the storage capacitor 132 must also beconsidered; however, since the capacity Cpix is set to be sufficientlysmall in comparison with the capacities Crf1 and Cdt, it may be ignored.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the potential ofthe data signal and the potential of the gate node g in the writingperiod. The data signal supplied from the control circuit 5 can obtain apotential range from the minimum value Vmin to the maximum value Vmaxaccording to the gradation level of the pixels as described above. Inthe present embodiment, the data signal is not written to the directgate node g, but level-shifted as shown in the diagram and written tothe gate node g.

At this time, the potential range ΔV gate of the gate node g iscompressed to a value obtained by multiplying the potential range ΔVdata (=Vmax−Vmin) of the data signal by the capacity ratio k1. Forexample, when the capacities of the holding capacities 44 and 50 are setso that Crf1:Cdt=1:9, the potential range ΔV gate of the gate node g canbe compressed to 1/10 of the potential range ΔV data of the data signal.

In addition, the extent to which the potential range ΔV gate of the gatenode g is shifted in which direction with respect to the potential rangeΔV data of the data signal can be set using the potential Vini and Vref.This is because, when the potential range ΔV data of the data signal iscompressed with the capacity ratio k1 with the potential Vref as areference and, along with this, the compression range shifts thepotential Vini to the reference, the result is the potential range ΔVgate of the gate node g.

In this manner, in the writing period of the i-th row, the potential inwhich the data signal of the potential according to the gradation levelis level shifted according to the capacity ratio of the holdingcapacities 44 and 50 is written to the gate node g of the pixel circuit110 of the i-th row.

After a short time, the scanning signal Gwr(i) becomes the H level andthe transistor 122 is turned off. In this manner, the writing period isfinished and the potential of the gate node g is determined as theshifted value.

Light Emitting Period

After the writing period of the i-th row finishes, there is an intervalleading to the light emitting period as the third period. In the lightemitting period, since the control signal Gel(i) becomes the L level asdescribed above, in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2)column, the transistor 124 is turned on. For this reason, as shownpreviously in FIG. 5, since a current Ids according to the voltage Vgsbetween the gate and the source is supplied to the OLED 130 by thetransistor 121, the OLED 130 emits light at a luminance corresponding tothe current.

These kinds of operations are chronologically performed in parallel evenin the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row other than the pixel circuit110 of the (3 j−2)th column being focused on in the scanning period ofthe i-th row. In addition, this operation of the i-th row is performedin order of the 1, 2, 3, . . . , (m−1), m rows in the period of oneframe in practice and this is repeated for each frame.

Here, FIG. 4 respectively shows the point that the gate node g in thepixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) column is level shifted fromthe potential Vini by the control signal Sel(1) becoming the H level andthe point that the gate node of the (i−1) row (3 j−2) column of one rowbefore which is the same column as the i-th row (3 j−2) column is levelshifted from the potential Vini.

According to the present embodiment, since the potential range ΔV gatein the gate node g is narrowed with respect to the potential range ΔVdata of the data signal, it is possible to apply a voltage reflectingthe gradation level between the gate and source of the transistor 121even without cutting up the data signal with fine precision. For thisreason, even in a case where a micro current flowing to the OLED 130with respect to changes in the voltage Vgs between the gate and thesource of the transistor 121 in the miniaturized pixel circuit 110 ischanged to a relatively large extent, it is possible to control thecurrent supplied to the OLED 130 with fine precision.

In addition, between the data line 14 and the gate node g in the pixelcircuit 110 as shown by the dashed lines in FIG. 3, the capacity Cprshas a parasitic effect in practice. For this reason, when the potentialchange dynamic range of the data line 14 is large, there is propagationto the gate node g through the capacity Cprs and so-called cross-talk,nonuniformity, or the like is generated and the display quality isdeteriorated. The influence of the capacity Cprs is remarkably apparentwhen the pixel circuit 110 is miniaturized.

In contrast, in the present embodiment, since the potential change rangeof the data line 14 is narrowed with respect to the potential range ΔVdata of the data signal, it is possible to limit the influence of thecapacity Cprs.

Second Embodiment

In the first embodiment, when the threshold voltage of the transistor121 is varied in each pixel circuit 110, display nonuniformity impairingthe uniformity of the display screen is generated. Next, descriptionwill be given of a second embodiment compensating for variations in thethreshold voltage of the transistor 121. Here, in the following, inorder to avoid repeated description, description will be given focusingon parts which are different to the first embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electro-opticaldevice 10 according to the second embodiment.

The points where the second embodiment shown in this diagram isdifferent to the first embodiment (refer to FIG. 2) are that, first,feed lines 16 are provided, second, a part of the level shift circuit 40is different, and third, the configuration and operation of the pixelcircuit 110 are different.

First, regarding the first point of difference, the feed lines 16 arerespectively provided along the data lines 14 in each column of thedisplay unit 100. A potential Vorst is fed in common to each feed line16. In addition, the other ends of the holding capacities 50 of eachcolumn are respectively connected to the feed lines 16 of thecorresponding columns.

Regarding the second point of difference, the transistor 46 in the firstembodiment (refer to FIG. 2) is replaced by the transistor 43 in FIG.11. The control signal Gref is supplied in common across each columnfrom the control circuit 5 to the gate of the transistor 43.

The third point of difference will be described with reference to FIG.12. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of the pixel circuit110 of the electro-optical device 10 according to the second embodiment.The point in which the pixel circuit 110 shown in the diagram isdifferent from the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 4 is thatP-channel MOS-type transistors 123 and 125 are added.

Here, in the transistor 123, the control signal Gcmp(i) corresponding tothe i-th row is supplied to the gate node and the source node isconnected to the drain node of the transistor 121. In addition, thedrain node of the transistor 123 is connected to the gate node g of thetransistor 121.

Meanwhile, in the transistor 125, the control signal Gorst(i)corresponding to the i-th row is supplied to the gate node and thesource node is connected to the anode of the OLED 130. In addition, thedrain node of the transistor 125 is connected to the feed line 16 of thecorresponding column.

Here, the substrate potential of the transistors 123 and 125 is set tothe potential Vel in the same manner as the transistors 121, 122, and14.

Operation Of Second Embodiment

The operation of the electro-optical device 10 according to the secondembodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 13. FIG. 13 is atiming chart for illustrating the operation in the second embodiment.

As shown in the drawings, the point that the scanning signals Gwr(1) toGwr(m) are sequentially switched to the L level and the scan lines 12 ofrows 1 to m are scanned in order for each horizontal scanning period (H)in a period of one frame is the same as the first embodiment. However,in comparison with the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, inthe scanning period of the i-th row, a compensation period shown by (c)is inserted between the initialization period shown by (b) and thewriting period shown by (d). For this reason, in the second embodiment,with regard to the chronological order, the cycle of (light emittingperiod)->initialization period->compensation period->writingperiod->(light emitting period) is repeated.

Light Emitting Period

In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, in the light emittingperiod of the i-th row, the scan signal Gwr(i) is the H level. Inaddition, among the control signals Gel(i), Gcmp(i), and Gorst(i), thecontrol signal Gel(i) is L level, and the control signals Gcmp(i) andGorst(i) are H level.

For this reason, in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) columnas shown in FIG. 14, the transistor 124 is turned on while thetransistors 122, 123, and 125 are turned off. Accordingly, thetransistor 121 supplies the current Ids according to the voltage Vgsbetween the gate and source to the OLED 130.

As will be described below, in the second embodiment, the voltage Vgs inthe light emitting period is a value level-shifted from the thresholdvoltage of the transistor 121 according to the potential of the datasignal. For this reason, a current according to the gradation level willbe supplied to the OLED 130 in a state where the threshold voltage ofthe transistor 121 is compensated.

Initialization Period

When the scanning period of the i-th row is reached, first, theinitialization period of (a) is started. In the initialization period,in contrast to the light emitting period, respective changes are madesuch that the control signal Gel(i) becomes the H level and the controlsignal Gorst(i) becomes the L level.

For this reason, in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) columnas shown in FIG. 15, the transistor 124 is turned off and the transistor125 is turned on. In this manner, the route of the current supplied tothe OLED 130 is interrupted and the anode of the OLED 130 is reset tothe potential Vorst.

Since the OLED 130 has a configuration in which an organic layer EL isinterposed between the above-described anode and cathode, between theanode and the cathode, the capacity Coled has a parasitic effect inparallel as shown by the dashed line in the diagram in practice. Whenthe current was flowing in the OLED 130 in the light emitting period,the voltage of both ends between the anode and the cathode of the OLED130 is held by the capacity Coled; however, the holding voltage is resetby the turning on of the transistor 125. For this reason, in the secondembodiment, when the current flows again in the OLED 130 in the nextlight emitting period, influence due to the voltage held by the capacityColed is less likely.

In detail, for example, when changed from a high-luminance display stateto a low-luminance display state, when the configuration in one which isnot reset, since the high voltage of the time when the luminance is high(a large current flowed) is held, next, even though it is intended thata small current be made to flow, an excessive current flows and it isnot possible to change to a low-luminance display state. In contrast, inthe second embodiment, since the potential of the anode of OLED 130 isreset by the turning on of the transistor 125, the reproducibility ofthe low brightness side can be improved.

Here, in the second embodiment, the potential Vorst is set so that thedifference of the potential Vorst and the potential Vct of the commonelectrodes 118 falls below the light emitting threshold voltage of theOLED 130. For this reason, in the initialization period (compensationperiod and writing period to be described later), the OLED 130 is in anoff (non-light emitting) state.

Meanwhile, since the control signal /Gini becomes the L level and thecontrol signal Gref becomes the H level in the initialization period, inthe level shift circuit 40, the transistors 45 and 43 as shown in FIG.15 are respectively turned on. For this reason, the data line 14 whichis one end of the storage capacitor 44 and the node h which is the otherend of the storage capacitor 44 are respectively initialized at apotential Vini and a potential Vref.

The potential Vini in the second embodiment is set so that (Vel-Vini)becomes larger than the threshold voltage |Vth| of the transistor 121.In addition, since the transistor 121 is a P-channel type, the thresholdvoltage Vth set with the potential of the source node as a reference isnegative. Therefore, in order to prevent confusion in the description ofthe high-low relationship, the threshold voltage is represented by theabsolute value |Vth| and regulated by magnitude correlation.

Further, the potential Vref in the second embodiment is set to a valuesuch that the potential of the node h in the following writing period isincreased with respect to the potential obtainable by the data signalsVd(1) to Vd(n), for example, so as to become lower than the minimumvalue Vmin.

Compensation Period

The compensation period of (c) is next in the scanning period of thei-th row. In the compensation period, in contrast to the initializationperiod, the scanning signal Gwr(i) and the control signal Gcmp(i) becomethe L level. Meanwhile, in the compensation period, the control signal/Gini becomes the H level in a state where the control signal Gref ismaintained at the H level.

For this reason, as shown in FIG. 16, in the level shift circuit 40, thenode h is fixed at a potential Vref by the turning off of the transistor45 in the state where the transistor 43 is turned on. Meanwhile, sincethe gate node g is electrically connected to the data lines 14 by theturning on of the transistor 122 in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-throw (3 j−2) column, the gate node g becomes the potential Vini at theinitial start of the compensation period.

Since the transistor 123 is turned on in the compensation period, thetransistor 121 becomes “diode-connected”. For this reason, the draincurrent flows through the transistor 121 to charge the gate node g andthe data line 14. In detail, the current flows in a path of the feedline 116->transistor 121->transistor 123->transistor 122->data line 14of (3 j−2)th column. For this reason, the data line 14 and the gate nodeg mutually connected by the turning on of the transistor 121 areincreased from the potential Vini.

However, since the current flowing through the above-described routeflows less easily as the gate node g becomes closer to the potential(Vel−|Vth|), the data line 14 and the gate node g are saturated with thepotential (Vel−|Vth|) until the compensation period is finished.Accordingly, the storage capacitor 132 holds the threshold voltage |Vth|of the transistor 121 until the compensation period is finished.

Writing Period

Since the control signal Gcmp(i) is the H level when the compensationperiod is finished, the control signal Gref becomes the L level whilethe diode-connection of the transistor 121 is ended, whereby thetransistor 43 is turned off. For this reason, the route leading up tothe gate node g in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) columnfrom the data line 14 of the (3 j−2)th column is in a floating state;however, the potential in the route is maintained at (Vel−|Vth|) by theholding capacities 50 and 132.

In the writing period of the i-th row, the control circuit 5sequentially switches the data signal Vd(j) to the potential accordingto the gradation level of the pixels of the i-th row (3 j−2) column, thei-th row (3 j−1) column, and the i-th row (3 j) column in the j-numberedgroup. Meanwhile, the control circuit 5 sequentially sets the controlsignals Sel(1), Sel(2), and Sel(3) in order exclusively to the H levelin combination with the switching of the potential of the data signal.In addition, although omitted in FIG. 13, the control circuit 5 performsoutput for the control signals /Sel(1), /Sel(2), and /Sel(3), which havea logic inverted relationship with the control signals Sel(1), Sel(2),and Sel(3). In this manner, in the demultiplexer 30, the transmissiongates 34 are turned on in order of the left end column, the centercolumn, and the right end column respectively in each group.

Here, when the transmission gate 34 of the left end column is turned onby the control signals Sel(1) and /Sel(1), as shown in FIG. 17, the nodeh which is the other end of the storage capacitor 44 is changed to thepotential of the data signal Vd(j) from the potential Vref in theinitialization period, that is, to the potential (Vref+ΔV) according tothe gradation level of the pixels of the i-th row (3 j−2) column.

Meanwhile, since the gate node g is connected to one end of the storagecapacitor 44 through the data line 14, it becomes a value shifted in anincreasing direction from the potential (Vel−|Vth|) in the compensationperiod by a value in which the capacity ratio k1 is multiplied by thepotential change amount ΔV of the node h.

For this reason, the potential of the gate node g becomes a value(Vel−|Vth|+k1·ΔV) shifted in an increasing direction from the potential(Vel−|Vth|) in the compensation period by a value in which the capacityratio k1 is multiplied by the potential change amount ΔV of the node h.At this time, when expressed as an absolute value by the voltage Vgs ofthe transistor 121, it becomes a value (|Vth|−k1·ΔV) in which the shiftamount of the increase in the potential of the gate node g is subtractedfrom the threshold voltage |Vth|.

Light Emitting Period

In the second embodiment, after the writing period of the i-th rowfinishes, there is an interval of one horizontal scanning period leadingto the light emitting period. In the light emitting period, since thecontrol signal Gel(i) becomes the L level as described above, in thepixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) column, the transistor 124 isturned on. Since the voltage Vgs between the gate and the source is(|Vth|−k1·ΔV)), as shown previously in FIG. 14, a current according tothe gradation level will be supplied to the OLED 130 in a state wherethe threshold voltage of the transistor 121 is compensated.

These kinds of operations are chronologically performed in parallel evenin other pixel circuits 110 of the i-th row other than the pixel circuit110 of the (3 j−2)th column in the scanning period of the i-th row. Inaddition, this operation of the i-th row is performed in order of the 1,2, 3, . . . , (m−1), m rows in the period of one frame in practice andthis is repeated for each frame.

According to the second embodiment, in the same manner as the firstembodiment, since the potential range ΔV gate in the gate node g isnarrowed with respect to the potential range ΔV data of the data signal,it is possible to apply a voltage reflecting the gradation level betweenthe gate and source of the transistor 121 even without cutting up thedata signal with fine precision. For this reason, even in a case where amicro current flowing to the OLED 130 with respect to the voltage Vgsbetween the gate and the source of the transistor 121 in theminiaturized pixel circuit 110 is changed to a relatively large extent,it is possible to control the current supplied to the OLED 130 with fineprecision.

Next, according to the second embodiment, as the period in which thetransistor 125 is turned on, that is, the reset period of the OLED 130,since it is possible to ensure a period longer than the scanning period,for example, two horizontal scanning periods in the second embodiment,it is possible to sufficiently initialize the voltage held in theparasitic capacitance of the OLED 130 in the light emitting period.

In addition, according to the second embodiment, the current Idssupplied to the OLED 130 by the transistor 121 cancels the influence ofthe threshold voltage. For this reason, according to the secondembodiment, even when the threshold voltage of the transistor 121 isvaried in each pixel circuit 110, since these variations are compensatedand current according to the gradation level is supplied to the OLED130, the generation of display nonuniformity impairing the uniformity ofthe display screen can be suppressed and high-quality display becomespossible.

Description will be given of this cancellation with reference to FIG.18. As shown in this diagram, in order to control the micro currentsupplied to the OLED 130, transistor 121 operates in a weak inversionregion (sub-threshold region).

In the diagram, A and B respectively show the transistor in which thethreshold voltage |Vth| is large and the transistor in which thethreshold voltage |Vth| is small. Here, in FIG. 18, the voltage Vgsbetween the gate and the source is the difference between thecharacteristic shown by the solid line and the potential Vel. Further,in FIG. 18, the current of the vertical scale is shown by a logarithm inwhich the direction from the source to the drain is set to positive(up).

In the compensation period, the gate node g becomes a potential(Vel−|Vth|) from the potential Vini. For this reason, on one hand, forthe transistor A in which the threshold voltage |Vth| is large, theoperation point moves from S to Aa, while for the transistor B in whichthe threshold voltage |Vth| is small, the operation point moves from Sto Ba.

Next, in a case where the potentials of the data signals to the pixelcircuit 110 to which the two transistors belong are the same, in otherwords, in a case where the same gradation level is specified, thepotential shift amount from the operation points Aa and Ba in thewriting period are k1·ΔV, which is the same for both. For this reason,for the transistor A, the operation point moves from Aa to Ab and forthe transistor B, the operation point moves from Ba to Bb; however, thecurrent in the operation point after the potential shift is matched atalmost the same Ids for both of the transistors A and B.

Third Embodiment

In the second embodiment, a configuration is adopted in which the datasignals are directly supplied to the other ends of the holdingcapacities 44 of each column, that is, to the node h by thedemultiplexer 30. For this reason, in the scanning period of each row,since the writing period is equal to the period in which the datasignals are supplied from the control circuit 5, the time constraint isgreat.

Next, description will be given of a third embodiment in which it ispossible to relax this time constraint. Here, in the following, in orderto avoid repeated description, description will be given focusing onparts which are different to the second embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electro-opticaldevice 10 according to the third embodiment.

The point in which the third embodiment shown in the diagram isdifferent from the second embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is mainly thatholding capacities 41 and transmission gates 42 are provided in eachcolumn of the level shift circuit 40.

In detail, the transmission gates 42 in each column are electricallyinterposed between the output ends of the transmission gates 34 and theother ends of the holding capacities 44. That is, the input ends of thetransmission gates 42 are connected to the output ends of thetransmission gates 34 and the output ends of the transmission gates 42are connected to the other ends of the holding capacities 44.

Here, the transmission gates 42 of each column are turned on in unisonwhen the control signal Gcpl supplied from the control circuit 5 is theH level (when the control signal /Gcpl is the L level).

In addition, one end of the storage capacitor 41 in each column isconnected to the output end (input end of the transmission gate 42) ofthe transmission gate 34, and the other end of the storage capacitor 41,for example, is grounded in common to fixed potential, for example, apotential Vss. Although not shown in FIG. 19, the holding capacitance ofthe storage capacitor 41 is set to Crf2.

Operation of Third Embodiment

The operation of the electro-optical device 10 according to the thirdembodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 20. FIG. 20 is atiming chart for illustrating the operation in the third embodiment.

As shown in the drawings, the point that the scanning signals Gwr(1) toGwr(m) are sequentially switched to the L level and the scan lines 12 ofrows 1 to m are scanned in order for each horizontal scanning period (H)in a period of one frame is the same as the second embodiment. Inaddition, in the third embodiment, the point that the scanning period ofthe i-th row is made of an initialization period shown by (b), acompensation period shown by (c), and a writing period shown by (d) isalso the same as the second embodiment. Here, the writing period of (d)in the third embodiment is a period from the time the control signalGcpl changes from the L to the H level (when the control signal /Gcplhas become the L level) until the time the scanning signal changes fromthe L to the H level.

In the third embodiment, similarly to the second embodiment, with regardto the chronological order, the cycle of (light emittingperiod)->initialization period->compensation period->writingperiod->(light emitting period) is repeated. However, the thirdembodiment is different to the second embodiment in the point that thewriting period is not equal to the supply period of the data signal andthe supplying of the data signal precedes the writing period. Morespecifically, the third embodiment is different from the secondembodiment in the point that the data signal can be supplied over theinitialization period of (a) and the compensation period of (b).

Light Emitting Period

In the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, in the light emittingperiod of the i-th row, the scan signal Gwr(i) is the H level and,furthermore, the control signal Gel(i) is the L level and the controlsignals Gcmp(i) and Gorst(i) are H level.

For this reason, in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) columnas shown in FIG. 21, since the transistor 124 is turned on while thetransistors 122, 123, and 125 are turned off, the operation in the pixelcircuit 110 is basically the same as the second embodiment. That is, thetransistor 121 supplies the current Ids according to the voltage Vgsbetween the gate and source to the OLED 130.

Initialization Period

When the scanning period of the i-th row is reached, first, theinitialization period of (b) is started.

In the initialization period in the third embodiment, in contrast to thelight emitting period, respective changes are made such that the controlsignal Gel(i) becomes the H level and the control signal Gorst(i)becomes the L level.

For this reason, in the pixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) columnas shown in FIG. 22, the transistor 124 is turned off and the transistor125 is turned on. In this manner, since the route of the currentsupplied to the OLED 130 is interrupted and the anode of the OLED 130 isreset to the potential Vorst by the turning on of the transistor 124,the operation in the pixel circuit 110 is basically the same as thesecond embodiment.

Meanwhile, in the initialization period in the third embodiment, thecontrol signal /Gini becomes the L level, the control signal Grefbecomes the H level, and the control signal Gcpl becomes the L level.For this reason, in the level shift circuit 40, the transistors 45 and43 are respectively turned on as shown in FIG. 22 and the transmissiongate 42 is turned off. Accordingly, the data line 14 which is one end ofthe storage capacitor 44 and the node h which is the other end of thestorage capacitor 44 are respectively initialized at a potential Viniand a potential Vref.

In the third embodiment, similarly to the second embodiment, thepotential Vref is set to a value such that the potential of the node hin the following writing period is increased with respect to thepotential obtainable by the data signals Vd(1) to Vd(n).

As described above, the control circuit 5 in the third embodimentsupplies the data signals over the initialization period and thecompensation period. In other words, the control circuit 5 sequentiallyswitches the data signal Vd(j) to the potential according to thegradation level of the pixels of the i-th row (3 j−2) column, the i-throw (3 j−1) column, and the i-th row (3 j) column in the j-numberedgroup and, while doing so, sets the control signals Sel(1), Sel(2), andSel(3) in order exclusively to the H level in combination with theswitching of the potential of the data signal. In this manner, in thedemultiplexer 30, the transmission gates 34 are turned on in order ofthe left end column, the center column, and the right end columnrespectively in each group.

Here, in the initialization period, when the transmission gate 34 of theleft end column belonging to the j-numbered group is turned on by thecontrol signals Sel(1), as shown in FIG. 22, since the data signal Vd(j)is supplied to one end of the storage capacitor 41, the data signal isheld by the storage capacitor 41.

Compensation Period

The compensation period of (c) is next in the scanning period of thei-th row. In the compensation period in the third embodiment, incontrast to the initialization period, respective changes are made suchthat the control signal Gwr(i) becomes the L level and the controlsignal Gcmp(i) becomes the L level.

For this reason, while the transistor 122 is turned on in the pixelcircuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) column as shown in FIG. 23 and thegate node g is electrically connected to the data line 14, thetransistor 121 becomes “diode-connected” due to the turning on of thetransistor 123.

Accordingly, since the current flows in a path of the feed line116->transistor 121->transistor 123->transistor 122->data line 14 of (3j−2)th column, the gate node g increases from the potential Vini and,after a short time, is saturated at (Vel−|Vth|). Accordingly, in thethird embodiment, the storage capacitor 132 holds the threshold voltage|Vth| of the transistor 121 until the compensation period is finished.

In the third embodiment, in the compensation period, since the controlsignal /Gini becomes the H level in a state where the control signalGref is maintained at the H level, the node h in the level shift circuit40 is fixed at the potential Vref.

Further, in the compensation period, when the transmission gate 34 ofthe left end column belonging to the j-numbered group is turned on bythe control signals Sel(1), as shown in FIG. 23, the data signal Vd(j)is held by the storage capacitor 41.

Here, when the transmission gate 34 of the left end column belonging tothe j-numbered group is already turned on by the control signals Sel(1)in the initialization period, the transmission gate 34 is not turned onin the compensation period; however, there is no change in the pointthat the data signal Vd(j) is held by the storage capacitor 41.

Further, since the control signal Gcmp(i) is the H level when thecompensation period is finished, the diode-connection of the transistor121 is ended.

In the third embodiment, since the control signal Gref becomes the Llevel in the time from the finishing of the compensation period to thestart of the next writing period, the transistor 43 is turned off. Forthis reason, the route leading up to the gate node g in the pixelcircuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) column from the data line 14 of the(3 j−2) column is in a floating state; however, the potential in theroute is maintained at (Vel−|Vth|) by the holding capacities 50 and 132.

Writing Period

In the writing period in the third embodiment, the control signal Gcplbecomes the L level (the control signal /Gcpl becomes the L level). Forthis reason, as shown in FIG. 24, since the transmission gate 42 isturned on in the level shift circuit 40, the data signal held in thestorage capacitor 41 is supplied to the node h which is the other end ofthe storage capacitor 44. For this reason, the node h changes to thepotential (Vref+ΔV) from the potential Vref in the compensation period.

Meanwhile, since the gate node g is connected to one end of the storagecapacitor 44 through the data line 14, it becomes a value shifted in anincreasing direction from the potential (Vel−|Vth|) in the compensationperiod by a value in which the capacity ratio k2 is multiplied by thepotential change amount ΔV of the node h. That is, the potential of thegate node g becomes a value (Vel-|Vth|+k2·ΔV) shifted in an increasingdirection from the potential (Vel−|Vth|) in the compensation period by avalue in which the capacity ratio k2 is multiplied by the potentialchange amount ΔV of the node h.

Here, the capacity ratio k2 is the capacity ratio of Cdt, Crf1, andCrf2. As described above, the capacity Cpix of the storage capacitor 132has been ignored.

Further, for instance, the potential Vref in the second embodiment isset to a value such that the potential of the node h in the followingwriting period is increased with respect to the potential obtainable bythe data signals Vd(1) to Vd(n), for example, so as to become lower thanthe minimum value Vmin.

Further, at this time, when expressed as an absolute value by thevoltage Vgs of the transistor 121, it becomes a value (|Vth|−k2·ΔV) inwhich the shift amount of the increase in the potential of the gate nodeg is subtracted from the threshold voltage |Vth|.

Light Emitting Period

In the third embodiment, after the writing period of the i-th rowfinishes, there is an interval of one horizontal scanning period leadingto the light emitting period. In the light emitting period, since thecontrol signal Gel(i) becomes the L level as described above, in thepixel circuit 110 of the i-th row (3 j−2) column, the transistor 124 isturned on.

The voltage Vgs between the gate and the source is (|Vth|−k2·ΔV) and isa value level-shifted from the threshold voltage of the transistor 121according to the potential of the data signal. For this reason, as shownin FIG. 21, a current according to the gradation level will be suppliedto the OLED 130 in a state where the threshold voltage of the transistor121 is compensated.

These kinds of operations are chronologically performed in parallel evenin other pixel circuits 110 of the i-th row other than the pixel circuit110 of the (3 j−2)th column in the scanning period of the i-th row. Inaddition, this operation of the i-th row is performed in order of the 1,2, 3, . . . , (m−1), m rows in the period of one frame in practice andthis is repeated for each frame.

According to the third embodiment, similar to the first embodiment andthe second embodiment, even in a case where a micro current flowing tothe OLED 130 with respect to the voltage Vgs between the gate and thesource of the transistor 121 in the miniaturized pixel circuit 110 ischanged to a relatively large extent, it is possible to control thecurrent supplied to the OLED 130 with fine precision.

According to the third embodiment, similar to the second embodiment, aswell as being able to sufficiently initialize the voltage held by theparasitic capacitance of the OLED 130 in the light emitting period, thegeneration of display nonuniformity impairing the uniformity of thedisplay screen can be suppressed even when the threshold voltage of thetransistor 121 is varied in each pixel circuit 110, and, as a result,high-quality display becomes possible.

According to the third embodiment, the operation of holding the datasignal supplied through the demultiplexer 30 from the control circuit 5in the storage capacitor 41 is performed from the initialization periodto the compensation period. For this reason, it is possible to relax thetime constraints on the operation to be performed in one horizontalscanning period.

For example, since the current flowing in the transistor 121 decreasesas the voltage Vgs between the gate and the source in the compensationperiod approaches the threshold voltage, time is needed for the gatenodes g to converge at the potential (Vel−|Vth|); however, in the thirdembodiment, it is possible to ensure a long compensation period as shownin FIG. 20 in comparison with the second embodiment. For this reason,according to the third embodiment, in comparison with the secondembodiment, it is possible to compensate for the variation of thethreshold voltage of transistor 121 with fine precision.

In addition, it is possible to slow down the supply operation of thedata signals.

Application and Modification Examples

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above or theembodiments and the like of application examples, and, for example,various kinds of modifications as described below are possible. Inaddition, the forms of the modifications described below can bearbitrarily selected or a plurality thereof can be combined.

Control Circuit

In the embodiments, the control circuit 5 for supplying a data signal isseparate from the electro-optical device 10; however, the controlcircuit 5 may be integrated into the silicon substrate along with thescanning line driving circuit 20, the demultiplexer 30, and the levelshift circuit 40.

Substrate

In the embodiments, a configuration was adopted in which theelectro-optical device 10 was integrated with a silicon substrate;however, a configuration of being integrated with another siliconsubstrate may be adopted. Further, the forming may be made in a glasssubstrate or the like by the application of a polysilicon process. Inany case, a configuration in which the pixel circuit 110 is miniaturizedand the drain current is exponentially large with respect to changes ingate voltage Vgs in the transistor 121 is effective.

Demultiplexer

In these embodiments, a configuration was adopted in which the datalines 14 are grouped every three columns, the data lines 14 are selectedin order in each group, and the data signals are supplied; however, thenumber of data lines configuring a group may be “2”, or may be “4” ormore.

In addition, a configuration may be adopted in which grouping is notperformed, that is, in which the data signals are supplied in unisonline-sequentially to the data lines 14 of each column without using thedemultiplexer 30. Here, in the first embodiment, in the case of aconfiguration in which the data signals are supplied in unisonline-sequentially to the data lines 14 of each column without using thedemultiplexer 30, the node h, which is the other end of the storagecapacitor 44 is connected to the output end in the data signal outputcircuit (control circuit 5). Since the node h becomes the ground levelin a period when the data signal is not output when the output impedanceof the data signal output circuit is low, this can be used as theinitial potential.

Channel Type of Transistor

In the embodiments such as described above, the transistors 121 to 125in the pixel circuit 110 were standardized as P-channel type; however,they may be standardized as N-channel type. Further, the P-channel typeand N-channel type may be suitably combined.

Other

In embodiments such as these, an OLED, which is a light emitting elementwas exemplified as an electro-optical element; however, for example, itis sufficient if light is emitted with a luminance corresponding to thecurrent, such as by an inorganic light emitting diode or an LED (LightEmitting Diode).

Electronic Equipment

Next, description will be given of the electronic apparatus in which theelectro-optical device 10 according to the embodiments and applicationexamples is applied. The electro-optical device 10 is designed for usein high-definition displays with small-size pixels. Therefore,description will be given with a head-mounted display as an example ofthe electronic apparatus.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the external appearance of a head mounteddisplay and FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the optical configurationthereof.

First, as shown in FIG. 25, the head mounted display 300 is similar tonormal glasses in terms of external appearance and has a temple 310, abridge 320, and lenses 301L and 301R. In addition, as shown in FIG. 26,the head mounted display 300 is provided with an electro-optical device10L for the left eye and an electro-optical device 10R for the right eyebehind (lower part of the diagram) the lenses 301L and 301R in thevicinity of the bridge 320.

The image display surface of the electro-optical device 10L is arrangedso as to be on the left side in FIG. 26. In this manner, the displayimage according to the electro-optical device 10L is output in the 9o'clock direction in the diagram through the optical lens 302L. The halfmirror 303L reflects the display image according to the electro-opticaldevice 10L in the 6 o'clock direction while allowing light incident fromthe 12 o'clock direction to pass therethrough.

The image display surface of the electro-optical device 10R is arrangedso as to be on the right side opposite to the electro-optical device10L. In this manner, the display image according to the electro-opticaldevice 10R is output in the 3 o'clock direction in the diagram throughthe optical lens 302R. The half mirror 303R reflects the display imageaccording to the electro-optical device 10R in the 6 o'clock directionwhile allowing light incident from the 12 o'clock direction to passtherethrough.

In this configuration, the wearer of the head mounted display 300 canobserve the display images according to the electro-optical devices 10Land 10R in a see-through state superimposed and combined with thesituation outside.

In addition, in the head mounted display 300, when, in the two parallaximages for both eyes, the left eye image is displayed by theelectro-optical device 10L and the right eye image is displayed by theelectro-optical device 10R, the displayed image can be perceived by thewearer as though having a sense of depth or three-dimensionality (3Ddisplay).

Here, in addition to the head mounted display 300, it is also possibleto apply the electro-optical device 10 to an electronic type view finderin a video camera, an interchangeable lens-type digital camera, or thelike.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electro-optical device comprising: a firstcapacitor having a first electrode and a second electrode; a controlcircuit that supplies a data signal to the first electrode of the firstcapacitor; a first wiring electrically connected to the second electrodeof the first capacitor; a second wiring to which a fixed potential issupplied; a second capacitor having a third electrode electricallyconnected to the first wiring and a fourth electrode electricallyconnected to the second wiring; a pixel circuit electrically connectedto the first wiring, the pixel circuit having a pixel capacitor holdinga first voltage according to the data signal, wherein the first voltageis generated based on the data signal and a capacitance ratio of atleast the first capacitor and the second capacitor.
 2. Theelectro-optical device according to claim 1, the pixel circuit furtherincluding an electro-optical element; a first transistor controllingcurrent supplied to the electro-optical element when electricallyconnected to the electro-optical element; and a second transistor whichis electrically connected between the data line and a gate of the firsttransistor and which is configured to be turned on or off, wherein thepixel capacitor connected to a gate electrode of the first transistor.3. The electro-optical device according to claim 2, wherein the pixelcircuit further includes a third transistor connected between the firsttransistor and the light emitting element, the third transistor beingconfigured to be turned on or off.
 4. The electro-optical deviceaccording to claim 2, wherein the pixel circuit further includes afourth transistor connected between the second wiring and the lightemitting element, the fourth transistor being configured to be turned onor off.
 5. An electro-optical device comprising: a first capacitorhaving a first electrode and a second electrode; a control circuit thatsupplies a data signal; a first wiring electrically connected to thesecond electrode of the first capacitor; a second wiring to which afixed potential is supplied; a second capacitor having a third electrodeelectrically connected to the first wiring and a fourth electrodeelectrically connected to the second wiring; a pixel circuitelectrically connected to the first wiring, the first pixel circuithaving a pixel capacitor holding a first voltage according to the datasignal; a third capacitor holding a second voltage according to the datasignal, the data signal from the control circuit being supplied to thethird capacitor; a switch connected between the first electrode of thefirst capacitor and the third capacitor, wherein the first voltage isgenerated based on the second voltage and a capacitance ratio of thefirst capacitor, the second capacitor and the third capacitor.
 6. Theelectro-optical device according to claim 5, the pixel circuit furtherincluding an electro-optical element; a first transistor controllingcurrent supplied to the electro-optical element when electricallyconnected to the electro-optical element; and a second transistor whichis electrically connected between the data line and a gate of the firsttransistor and which is configured to be turned on or off, wherein thepixel capacitor connected to a gate of the first transistor.
 7. Theelectro-optical device according to claim 6, wherein the pixel circuitfurther includes a third transistor connected between the firsttransistor and the light emitting element, the third transistor beingconfigured to be turned on or off.
 8. The electro-optical deviceaccording to claim 6, wherein the pixel circuit further includes afourth transistor connected between the second wiring and the lightemitting element, the fourth transistor being configured to be turned onor off.
 9. An electronic apparatus including the electro-optical deviceaccording to claim
 1. 10. An electronic apparatus including theelectro-optical device according to claim
 2. 11. An electronic apparatusincluding the electro-optical device according to claim
 3. 12. Anelectronic apparatus including the electro-optical device according toclaim
 4. 13. An electronic apparatus including the electro-opticaldevice according to claim
 5. 14. An electronic apparatus including theelectro-optical device according to claim
 6. 15. An electronic apparatusincluding the electro-optical device according to claim
 7. 16. Anelectronic apparatus including the electro-optical device according toclaim 8.